Ropes made of Honeywell Spectra fibers have higher breaking strength than that of steel
wire ropes of the same thickness, but have only one-tenth the weight.
F
or many years, abaca (Manila hemp) and sisal were the dominant rope and cordage fibers;
而且有一些棉花和黄麻用于小绳子，细胞和绳子。钢丝开发了
in the early 1800s for use in heavy-duty cables replaced hemp in heavy-duty uses such as mining and
later in bridge construction.
Vegetable-based hard fibers such as hemp and sisal were the dominant materials for the rope
industry until the late 1930s. The development and introduction of nylon in the late 1930s and
early 1940s provided a new, higher-strength material for the rope industry. Nylon ropes also had
the advantage of resistance to biological degradation. Nylon rope became an important material for
land, sea and air military uses during World War II.
聚丙烯成为重要的材料
在1950年代中期，聚酯丝纱可用，并在绳索中发现了一些用途
应用是因为它们的伸长率低于尼龙。最初的更高价格
聚酯丝限制其大规模使用。大约在同一时间，聚乙烯和
polypropylene began to be used in rope and cordage products. An advantage of these polyolefins in
rope is their low specific gravity, which enables them to float. Polyethylene use in rope is
由于其低熔点而受到限制。
After 1957, a number of US and European companies began to produce polypropylene resin. This
使许多绳索制造商能够为其绳索和绳索挤出自己的纤维和纱线
products.
贝勒麻线的聚丙烯
Farm equipment was developed in the 1930s that would collect and tie grain with sisal twine.
Supplies of sisal and the varying quality of the sisal twine presented problems for the farmers.
在1960年代引入了聚丙烯麻线。这场麻线的主要优势
剑麻的麻线是，其较高的强度和腐烂的阻力使得捆可移动更多
easily and to be stored outside. Quality problems with early polypropylene baler twine slowed its
早期接受作为电线产品的替代品。使用的第一个聚丙烯麻线降解了
当暴露于阳光时。通过将紫外线（UV）抑制剂添加到
polymer before extrusion. A major improvement in polypropylene baler twine was made when Albert
Lea, Minn.-based Bridon Cordage developed its SR-240 product in 1977.
“当时我们的麻线比钢丝的表现要好得多，甚至到目前为止，我们的技术
and manufacturing process continues to keep our Bridon brand the worlds premier baler twine
product,” said Al Mullenbach, marketing and sales manager. Bridon Cordage is owned by Eagan,
Minn.-based Universal Cooperatives Inc., an international farm supply cooperative that is owned and
由全球成员运营。该公司在杰罗姆，爱达荷州和萨斯喀彻温省拥有工厂。它
还会生产用于工业用途的聚丙烯绳索和麻线。
Another important producer of polypropylene baler twine and industrial twine is Ontario-based
Poli-Twine Inc. Poli-Twine claims the following advantages for its Power-Ty baler twine:
suitability for use in all heavy-duty balers, generally without the need for knotter modification;
UV treatment for extended outdoor storage; and capability of making tight knots without
slippage.
高科技绳索和电缆制造
Until man-made fibers and high-performance fibers became available, rope manufacturers products
were used by traditional businesses such as marine transportation and shipping, fishing and mining.
Some smaller companies specialized in ropes and cordage for yachting and recreational boating. When
nylon fibers and later when high-performance fibers came on the scene, rope and cordage companies
were able to produce higher-strength products, which opened up new, more demanding markets. These
市场要求绳索制造商增加技术人员并进行更多研究
and development work. This also resulted in a considerable amount of merger and consolidation in
绳索行业。绳索产品的重要新应用包括光纤装甲
电缆，海洋和航空航天电缆，钢替换绳和运输吊索。
High-Performance Fibers For Ropes And Cordage
Kevlar® aramid fiber is a liquid crystal polymer first marketed by Wilmington, Del.-based DuPont
1971年。长链聚合物非常刚性，产生了非常高的纤维 - 五个
times stronger ounce-for-ounce than steel with half the density of fiberglass. Kevlar’s very high
strength – up to 27 grams per denier – and its low elongation enable it to be used in special types
of cable. It was used to secure the airbags in the landing apparatus of the Mars Pathfinder. Kevlar
is not found in ropes used in everyday marine applications, not only because of its relatively high
价格,还因为其耐磨性d UV resistance are only fair. One type of
游艇索具的专业电缆是通过使用凯夫拉绳的连续环制成的
超强的轻质电缆可免受紫外线和磨损的侵蚀
covering and a chafe cover with customized thimbles at each end.
Kevlar is useful for small guys to very large marine anchor ropes and helicopter slings. It is
used in electromechanical cables that carry both load and conductors, such as power transmission
lines, undersea communications systems and fiber optic cables, among others. In most cable and rope
applications, Kevlar is used in combination with other materials. Loose tube cables used for aerial
applications and in underground ducts use Kevlar as a strength member to withstand mechanical
pulling and other stress during installation and use. There are a large number of color-coded
optical cables within the tubes. The tube cables are of an all-dielectric construction, and the
凝胶液和凯夫拉尔的间隙和凯夫拉尔提供了额外的防水。这些类型的电缆
在各种安装中具有广泛的工作温度范围和出色的可靠性
environments.
Kevlar-reinforced fiber optic telemetry cables are operated off medium and large oceanographic
vessels for marine geological and geophysical programs. In a system that has been used to examine
夏威夷沿海的火山海底，海洋电缆的业务端由两个
单独的模块 - 一个用于初始电源转换和光学编码/解码的模块，另一个用于
房屋灯，摄像头和其他环境传感器。电源模块直接连接到
the end of the electro-optical tether. The camera module hangs below it on a 15-meter-long
Kevlar-reinforced coaxial umbilical. The camera module has one video module and two 500-watt
incandescent lights, and a small pressure case to hold communication and power distribution
电路。电源模块包含一个充满油的变压器盒，可提供110伏电流
以及用于数据光学编码的压力案例。该系统已在800的深度运行
meters.
The Cordage Institute
Founded in 1920, the Wayne, Pa.-based Cordage Institute is an international association of
manufacturers, producers and resellers of cordage, rope and twine. The institute’s more than 70
成员，包括来自美国以外的10名成员，约占磅数的70％
these products produced and used in the United States. The institute’s technical committee is
involved in the development of standards and guidelines standardized using a voluntary consensus
process for the manufacture and use of cordage, rope and twine products. The committee publishes a
manual that documents the safe use of these products.
有关Cordage Institute的更多信息，请联系（610）971-4854；传真（610）971-4859;
info@ropecord.com;
www.ropecord.com.
凝胶旋转聚乙烯纤维
聚乙烯仅在纤维结构中发现有限的使用，直到DSM研究的研究人员为止
Netherlands, developed the gel fiber process for making high-strength polyethylene fibers using an
ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene fiber dissolved in a suitable hydrocarbon solvent at a
suitable temperature and concentration.
1984年，AlliedSignal Inc.，现在是弗吉尼亚州殖民地高级纤维和复合材料
新泽西州莫里斯镇霍尼韦尔国际公司的业务部门，获得了DSM的专利和
technology to produce gel-spun high-strength polyethylene fibers, using the technology to develop
Spectra® fibers, now known as Honeywell Spectra. AlliedSignal made further improvements, which
导致了新一代的光谱。
1986年，DSM与日本的Toyobo Co. Ltd.成立了合资企业，以生产DSM的Dyneema®
high-strength polyethylene fibers.
Rope And Related Uses For Dyneema® and Spectra®
Although produced by two different companies, Dyneema and Spectra share very similar properties
和最终用途应用程序。这些产品制成的绳索的突破强度远高
of steel wire ropes of the same thickness, but have only one-tenth the weight. These ropes have
good UV, seawater, abrasion, cutting and fatigue resistance. With their low specific gravity, they
also float. Fishing uses for these high-strength polyethylene ropes include warp lines, bridles,
headlines and rib lines. Netting uses include trawl nets, purse seine nets and aquaculture nets.
The low diameter of these twines and their favorable weight/strength ratio produce up to 40-percent
less drag than conventional fiber structures as the net is pulled through the water or set against
tide currents. This allows fishing vessels to increase their catch potentially by as much as 80
通过更快地拖网或使用较大的网络或减少燃油消耗来获得百分比。阻力
Dyneema净到紫外线，海水，磨损和切割很高
longer, according to DSM. With low elongation as little as 5 percent and no shrinkage in water, the
在正常使用网中，网格尺寸保持稳定。
Other important applications of high-strength polyethylene fibers are cut-resistant gloves,
bullet-resistant vests and plates for personal protection, vehicle armor, yacht ropes and sails,
and rescue and climbing cables.
Vectran® Liquid Crystal Polymer Fiber
Fort Mill, S.C.-based Celanese Advanced Materials Inc.’s Vectran® a high-performance
来自Vectra®液晶聚合物（LCP）的热塑性多因素纱线是唯一的
commercially available melt-spun LCP fiber in the world. Pound for pound, Vectran fiber is five
比钢强，比铝强10倍。独特的属性
characterize Vectran fiber include:
- high strength and modulus;
- excellent creep resistance;
- high abrasion resistance;
- excellent flex/fold characteristics;
- low thermal expansion coefficient;
- minimal moisture absorption;
- high dielectric strength;
- 出色的切割能力；
- 高温和低温下的出色财产保留；
- outstanding vibration-damping characteristics; and
- high impact resistance.
Vectran HS is helping to solve performance problems in critical marine, military and
industrial rope and cable applications. For example, in July 1997, airbags made from Vectran fabric
were deployed to cushion the landing on Mars of the Pathfinder space probe.
Celanese Advanced Materials’ Vectran® thermoplastic filament yarn – spun from Vectra®
液晶聚合物（LCP） - 是唯一的商业融化LCP纤维
world.
Applications for Vectran rope products include towing and cargo tie-downs. The rope’s
高强度，无凝结和低伸展性能使其非常适合这些用途。Vectran绳索有
found acceptance as yacht halyards, and they maintain sail loads under varying wind conditions.
虽然没有一个高性能纤维that meets all of the requirements for ropes and
cables, Vectran’s properties provide the greatest versatility, according to Celanese. Although
Vectran is lacking in UV resistance, this limitation can be overcome by using polyester as a
protective covering. It also is possible that suitable polymer additives may soon be developed to
improve its UV resistance.
2005年4月
